§08 · Receipts
Every number on this page comes from a public source.
Reporting from The Lowndes Signal, WSFA 12, Yellowhammer News, DataCenterDynamics, WALB 10, and WTXL — plus the developer's own materials. If anything below is incorrect, write to corrections@45strong.net.
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Cloverleaf own description — Cloverleaf Infrastructure describes itself as a developer of “clean-powered, ready-to-build sites” — acquiring land and power, then selling to hyperscale operators. Source: Cloverleaf and redclaydatacenter.com, both confirmed by Yellowhammer News reporting.
https://redclaydatacenter.com/ - C6
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Public record (Lowndes County) — Lowndes County Commission public meeting minutes through April 2026; commissioners not on record may be reached via the county clerk.
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#45strong town hall calendar — Lowndesboro C.M.E. Church town hall, Sunday May 3, 5:00 PM — Lowndesboro, AL. Source: 45strong.net events listing.
https://45strong.net/meetings/ - C15
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Inside Climate News + Virginia Mercury — Virginia State Corporation Commission, Nov 2025 — approved a new electricity rate class for large-load customers (data centers >25 MW) effective Jan 2027. Typical Dominion residential customer faces an additional $11.24/mo in 2026 driven by data-center load. PJM capacity-market clearing prices rose 833% for 2025–2026. Sources: Inside Climate News, Virginia Mercury.
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07012026/virginia-regulators-approve-new-dominion-rates/ - C20
US News, Apr 2026 — “'Living in Hell': Data Center Neighbors Grapple With Noise, Air Pollution,” U.S. News & World Report, April 28, 2026 — first-person reporting from residents downwind of hyperscale data centers (Northern Virginia, Michigan); headaches, vertigo, sleep disturbance, hypertension, ear pain.
https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2026-04-28/living-in-hell-data-center-neighbors-grapple-with-noise-air-pollution - C21
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WRI / Consumer Federation of America — World Resources Institute, “From Energy Use to Air Quality, the Many Ways Data Centers Affect US Communities,” and Consumer Federation of America, “In the Shadow of Big Tech: Part 3” — disproportionate siting of data centers in marginalized and overburdened census tracts; nearly one-third of California data centers in the top 10% most polluted census tracts.
https://www.wri.org/insights/us-data-center-growth-impacts - C25
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Science / IFAW on habitat fragmentation — Habitat fragmentation research: Science Advances 2015 (Haddad et al.) — fragmented landscapes show ~12% fewer species; ~77% of Earth's land cover impacted by human activity; connectivity loss accounts for up to 90% of total predicted threats in highly fragmented landscapes.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1500052 - C27
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Utility Dive, FERC rejects Talen-Amazon — “FERC rejects amended interconnection service agreement,” Utility Dive — November 2024 (and on rehearing April 2025), FERC rejected the behind-the-meter expansion at Talen's Susquehanna nuclear plant; Talen and Amazon restructured into a 17-year, $18B grid-connected PPA in June 2025. Federal regulatory environment for behind-the-meter and co-located data center power is being rebuilt in real time.
https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-interconnection-isa-talen-amazon-data-center-susquehanna-exelon/731841/ - C38
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ProPublica, CACF Form 990 — Central Alabama Community Foundation — IRS Form 990 (EIN 63-0842355), ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer. ~$107M in charitable assets. The CACF gift-agreement terms with Cloverleaf, including the administrative-fee structure and disbursement schedule, are not public; we have requested them.
https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/630842355 - C41
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Data Center Watch, $64B blocked — Data Center Watch report tracking $64 billion in U.S. data center projects blocked or delayed by community opposition; nearly 200 active community groups across more than 24 states. The most comprehensive registry of the national movement.
https://www.datacenterwatch.org/report - C44
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American Action Forum, VA SCC large-load class — “Virginia's New Data Center Electricity Rate Class,” American Action Forum analysis. Virginia State Corporation Commission approved a new GS-5 large-load rate class (≥25 MW customers) effective January 2027 — affected customers must pay for ≥85% of contracted distribution + transmission demand and ≥60% of generation demand. Model that ratepayer-protection coalitions are urging other states to adopt.
https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/virginias-new-data-center-electricity-rate-class/ - C52
EESI on Ohio +$16/mo + demand drop — “Data Center Power Demands Are Contributing to Higher Energy Bills,” EESI. Ohio residents pay roughly $16 more per month due to PJM capacity costs related to data center expansion. After Ohio adopted ratemaking provisions similar to Virginia's, data center demand requests fell from 30 GW to 13 GW — concrete proof that protective regulation reshapes demand projections.
https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/data-center-power-demands-are-contributing-to-higher-energy-bills - C53
Alabama Reflector, Lindsay Hill purchase — “Alabama PSC approves Alabama Power's request for rate freeze,” Alabama Reflector, December 3, 2025. The PSC approved Alabama Power's purchase of the Lindsay Hill natural gas generating station in Billingsley to address a forecasted surge in data-center electricity demand. SELC argues the load forecast supporting the purchase is approximately 0.2% likely to materialize.
https://alabamareflector.com/2025/12/03/alabama-psc-approves-alabama-powers-request-for-rate-freeze/ - C54
DataCenter Knowledge, Microsoft Quincy energy — “Microsoft's Energy Practices in Quincy Under Fire,” DataCenter Knowledge, September 2012. Microsoft was reported to have wasted megawatts of electricity at its Quincy, Washington data center to reduce a $210,000 fine from Grant County PUD for using less power than committed. Reporting also documented soaring diesel-generator usage and emissions at Microsoft data centers in Quincy and Santa Clara during this era.
https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/09/25/microsoft-quincy-energy-practices-under-fire - C55
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OTPP Sustainable Investing — Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan public sustainability commitments — the pension fund anchoring Sandbrook Capital, which co-led Cloverleaf's $300M raise. Defines responsible investing as integrating material sustainability-related risks throughout the investment process and generating positive impact on the people and communities investments touch.
https://www.otpp.com/responsibleinvesting - C57
Lowndes sanitation documentary record — Documentary record of the Lowndes County sanitation crisis, used as background for environmental-justice context: (1) the 2018 Title VI Civil Rights Act complaint filed by Earthjustice on behalf of the Center for Rural Enterprise and Environmental Justice (CREEJ), documenting heavy clay soil that prevents septic systems from working and the use of straight pipes for raw sewage discharge; (2) the 2017 visit by United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights Philip Alston, who described the conditions as a human-rights violation; (3) Baylor University research (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene) finding 34% of tested Lowndes residents positive for hookworm.
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Michigan FOIA: Evans email, Sept 23 2025 — Michael Evans, Development Principal, Cloverleaf Infrastructure. Email titled "Cloverleaf vs. Other Developments (Draft)," sent September 23, 2025, 10:35 AM, to Roger Lewis (Dundee Township Supervisor), Tim Bordine, and Ryan Rudzis (Village of Dundee). Cc: Aaron Bilyeu (Cloverleaf CDO). Released through Michigan's Freedom of Information Act after the Dundee withdrawal. Operative paragraph reproduced verbatim: "Just this week, another proposal has surfaced in Howell Township seeking to rezone large tracts of farmland into industrial use. CBRE, a national real estate firm, presented the Howell property to us in April. We made the decision not to pursue it, because Cloverleaf will not work in communities where this type of development is unwelcome or the development does not match the existing use for the land. That is a decision we will make ten times out of ten. In Saline Township, another developer is now suing the township over its rezoning denial, an approach Cloverleaf does not support and will never take."
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LCEDC Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws — Lowndes County Economic Development Commission, Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. Filed with the Alabama Secretary of State on May 29, 2013; reproduced in the LCEDC Public Inspection Notebook released May 20, 2026. Article 4 of the Articles of Incorporation and Article II, Section 8 of the Bylaws establish the contribution-tier board structure: a $2,500 annual contribution buys a voting board seat; a $5,000-or-greater annual contribution buys a seat on the Executive Committee, which the Bylaws grant authority to act between full board meetings. Article 3(d) of the Articles of Incorporation defines the corporate purpose to include cooperating with all utilities serving Lowndes County. The current board has 13 directors.
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LCEDC IRS Form 990 (FY2024) — Lowndes County Economic Development Commission, IRS Form 990 for fiscal year 2024 (EIN 46-3011080), signed by Chairman Thomas Ellis under penalty of perjury and included in the May 2026 Public Inspection Notebook. The 501(c)(6) business league reports ~$94,500 in annual revenue, zero employees, $214,386 in net assets, and operations outsourced to Byard Associates LLC. Schedule O answers four core governance questions in the negative: no written conflict-of-interest policy, no whistleblower policy, no document retention and destruction policy, no process for review of executive or contractor compensation.
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Pintlala Water System board roster and Thomas Ellis dual role — The Pintlala Water System is a shareholder-owned cooperative serving parts of Lowndes County. Its current five-director board, per 45strong coalition records published at /pintlala-water: Wayne Hatcher, Thomas Ellis, John Meadows, Tim Wilsford, Stan Cook. Thomas Ellis is concurrently the President of the Lowndes County Economic Development Commission, the body recruiting Project Red Clay. The same individual who would vote on whether Pintlala Water supplies the data center is the same individual recruiting the data center to Lowndes County. Ellis also sits on the Dixie Electric Cooperative board (one of four utilities serving Lowndes County), the Alabama Rural Water Association, the Alabama Cattleman's Association, and the Alabama Agricultural Development Authority.
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Lowndes County Commission meeting, May 26, 2026 — Lowndes County Commission, regular public meeting, Charles Smith Annex, Hayneville, Alabama, May 26, 2026. Streamed live on Facebook by Moss's Messenger; full archive on the Lowndes County Commission's official Facebook page. Approximately 02:40:31 in length. Chairman Charlie King Jr.'s verbatim floor remarks on Project Red Clay, including three repetitions of his commitment not to vote for any thirty-year data-center tax abatement and his volunteered comparison to the GE / SABIC Burkville forty-year abatement, occur between approximately 01:40 and 01:48 of the source video. Vice-Chairman Dickson Farrior's motion to deny any abatement, and the subsequent roll-call vote in which the Chairman voted no, occur between approximately 01:52 and 01:58 of the same source video. 45strong source-trail at /sources/2026-05-26-readai-lowndes-commission-meeting.
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GE Plastics to SABIC Burkville, 2007 and after — General Electric sold its GE Plastics division to Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) for approximately $11.6 billion in 2007. The Burkville, Alabama facility, located at 1 Plastics Drive in Lowndes County, is operated today as SABIC Innovative Plastics US LLC. The site spans approximately 6,300 acres and produces polycarbonate resin and PC/ABS pellets via phosgene + bisphenol-A interfacial polymerization in methylene chloride solvent. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lists the facility as a Clean Air Act Major source, NPDES Major source, RCRA Large Quantity Generator and treatment-storage-disposal facility, an active Risk Management Plan filer, an annual Toxic Release Inventory reporter, and a Greenhouse Gas reporter. In 2012 the EPA settled a Clean Air Act enforcement case against the Burkville and Mt. Vernon GE Plastics facilities for $1,012,873 in combined civil penalties on a fifteen-count complaint citing emissions of hazardous air pollutants including phenol and ethylbenzene. The 97-megawatt Lowndes County Cogeneration Facility, on the SABIC site, was commissioned in 1999, is owned by Alabama Power Company (a Southern Company subsidiary), and supplies process steam to SABIC under an Alabama Public Service Commission-approved contract.
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Cloverleaf community open house, June 3, 2026 — “Cloverleaf to hold community open house for Lowndes County data center project,” The Lowndes Signal, May 27, 2026. Cloverleaf Infrastructure will host a come-and-go community open house at Hayneville Middle School on Wednesday, June 3, 2026, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. CT. Cloverleaf staff and local subject-matter experts will be stationed at informational tables addressing water, energy, noise, lighting, and economic impact. The article states the event has no formal presentation and that refreshments will be provided.
https://www.lowndessignal.com/news/cloverleaf-to-hold-community-open-house-for-lowndes-county-data-center-project-1a58a6ff - C65
NBC 26: neighbors question Cloverleaf, Wrightstown WI — “Neighbors question Cloverleaf executives on potential AI data center,” NBC 26 (Green Bay, WI), May 2026. Cloverleaf Chief Development Officer Aaron Bilyeu fielded questions at a public listening session in Wrightstown, Wisconsin (the third of four planned) on a potential large-scale AI data center. Bilyeu declined to disclose the specific site under consideration. He said the industry has ‘really learned from some of the past challenges,’ citing Port Washington and Beaver Dam, and said data centers bring ‘significantly increased property values’ leading to better roads, traffic systems, water and wastewater systems, electrical grid stability, and schools. Residents pushed back: Nadine Mathu said ‘I’m feeling like a lot of the things you’re saying are just very disingenuous’; Nick Sagal asked whether Wrightstown would be ‘the magical unicorn where everything just works out perfect’; nurse practitioner Paula Pintar raised air and water quality, noise pollution, and loss of agricultural land.
https://www.nbc26.com/neighbors-question-cloverleaf-executives-on-potential-ai-data-center - C66
NBC 26: Wrightstown data-center referendum — “Wrightstown voters to decide whether village should explore data center development,” NBC 26 (Green Bay, WI), May 2026. The Village of Wrightstown Board approved an August 11, 2026 primary-ballot referendum asking whether the village should authorize or support utility infrastructure for potential large-scale data center projects; the question does not approve a specific project. Village leaders began discussions with Cloverleaf Infrastructure in January 2026. The article notes Cloverleaf ‘has also pursued a proposed data center project in Greenleaf, where neighbors similarly rallied against the development earlier this year.’
https://www.nbc26.com/news/local-news/wrightstown-voters-to-decide-whether-village-should-explore-data-center-development - C67
WFRV: Bilyeu ‘leadership willing to facilitate’ quote — “Cloverleaf Infrastructure officials answer data center questions in Wrightstown,” WFRV (wearegreenbay.com, Green Bay, WI), May 2026. Describing what Cloverleaf looks for in a host community, Chief Development Officer Aaron Bilyeu said: ‘What we typically look for is leadership that is willing to have the conversations and facilitate those conversations.’ Cloverleaf VP of power and utilities Nur Bernhardt also fielded questions at the session.
https://www.wearegreenbay.com/news/local-news/cloverleaf-infrastructure-officials-answer-data-center-questions-in-wrightstown/ - C68
NBC 26: Wrightstown works with Cloverleaf (secret talks) — “Wrightstown works with Cloverleaf on possible data center,” NBC 26 (Green Bay, WI), May 2026. Email records show Village Administrator Travis Coenen in talks with Cloverleaf Infrastructure beginning January 2026 — a January 9 request for the anticipated facility location and a January 20 Zoom — months before residents were informed. Resident Larry Bousey said the board was ‘misleading’ by not disclosing the communications. Coenen solicited zoning examples from Port Washington and requested Cloverleaf’s zoning codes for a village ‘zoning code rewrite,’ and referenced internally that ‘Greenleaf and Kewaunee have not gone well.’ Cloverleaf Principal Development Manager Parin Patel said ‘We aim to be transparent, cover evaluations costs so the process isn’t a burden on the community’; Cloverleaf manager Travis Armistead said ‘We have a few leads which hopefully land us fairly close to the Village of Wrightstown’s border.’ Potential facility about 2.5 million square feet.
https://www.nbc26.com/news/local-news/wrightstown-works-with-cloverleaf-on-possible-data-center - C69
Meta / Hope Hull water contract (open records) — Water-service contract for Meta's data center at Hope Hull, in the Montgomery-area system, obtained through an open-records request. The publicly stated figure for the facility was approximately 30,000 gallons per day; the executed contract allocates approximately 150,000 gallons per day, plus roughly 90,000 gallons per day of wastewater — about five times the public number, with the wastewater allocation never disclosed publicly.